Wednesday, June 1, 2016

Benefit of using Computer

Computer is an  advanced electronic device  used to  calculate, create , deceive  and  calculate  a large   amount data  and  informations   about something related to human’s life.  Computer is  very complementary with the programmes  such as Microsoft  Word, Microsoft  Power Point, Microsoft Excel ,Microsoft  Office and others. The  computer is useless without these matters  to accept the data from the people and this important to  process the  data under set of instructions, reveal the results from data  and save the output for  the future  purpose. We have to know the meaning of these three expressions, input ,process and output. Input also called as a data which a raw  information  that  get into the computer from the input devices , so the data can become  a collection of images, letters , numbers and others. Process is an operation  of data in given instruction and output is defined as  the processed data that produced after data processing  in the programmes and another name for output is a result.   It  has a variety of forms, colors and  functions according to the criteria and the respective class  such as digital computers, analog computers and  hybrid computers.
Computers can undergo repeated and complicated procedures promptly, instantly, and swiftly. Modern computer consists of two basic components. There are hardware and software. The meaning of hardware here is the physical thing that we can see and touch, or we can say it as real, that building the blocks to form an appliance or device called computer. Whereas, software is opposite to the hardware which it cannot be seen (for real) and untouchable. It is a virtual component of the computer. Software can be defined as instruction or data or anything that can be stored electronically. The basic components of all general-purpose computers are central processing unit (CPU), input unit, output unit, memory unit, and mass storage unit. Firstly, CPU is the brain of the computer which carried all the instruction and data to be processed and tell the computer what to do. Next are memory and storage devices. The differences between these two are memory units are faster and expensive but only short-term memory whereas, storage unit is slower, cheaper and long-term memory. The examples of memory devices are Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). For storage devices, the examples are CD ROM, hard disk, compact disk (CD), and digital video disk (DVD). Furthermore, input device is the machine or appliances which will give input in the computer such as keyboard and mouse. Lastly, output unit is the device that will display or present the information received to the users such as monitor, printer and speaker.
There are many types of Computers which are classified by size and power such as personal computer , Supercomputer, Mainframe ,Workstation and Minicomputer. Generally, Supercomputer is a computer that extremely fast that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. They  are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications especially for mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example , in weather forecasting. They also  uses as  scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting).
Besides that, Mainframe is a computer that has powerful multi-user capable of supporting higher number of users simultaneously. Mainframe referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or "main frame" of a room-filling Stone Age batch machine. Mainframe is a very large and also expensive computer. The main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer can run a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. Moreover, minicomputer  is a midsize computer which  is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously .
Furthermore, workstation  computer is a powerful, single-user computer which like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and has  a higher-quality monitor. It also consider as a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other types of applications that related to the moderate computing power and high quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, at large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface.
Other than that, personal computer is a latest,small single-user computer that used microprocessor. it relatively inexpensive computer that designed for individual users. Looking at the price, personal computer range can be seen now anywhere from a few hundred ringgits to over ten thousand ringgits. All computers are based on their microprocessor technology which enables manufacturers to put the entire CPU on one chip. Many businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publish, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. On the other hand, for home users, computer is used as for them to play games and recently for surfing the internet.
                Personal computer actually can be classified by size and chassis/ case. The case is the metal frame that serves as the structural support for the electronic components. Every computer usually requires one case to house the circuit board and wiring. The case also contains slots for expansion boards if for instance you want to expand or insert more boards than there are slots, you will need an expansion case, which provides additional slots. There are two basic types of case designs-desktop models and tower model but still, there are many variations on these two basic types. After that, come the portable computers that are smaller which enough to be carry everywhere. Portable computers include notebook and subnotebook computers, handheld computers palmtops, and finally PDAs.

          In Conclusion, nowadays, the uses of computers is crucial in human ‘s life  in  all aspects.  This device has reduced a lot of human’s effort in  daily activities for instance  working in office , collecting samples  and chatting with people in overseas. Many sophisticated technological tools are designed  from day to day   keeping up with the development of the science and technology.

Monday, May 23, 2016

HEALTH IT


WHAT IS HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY  (IT)

Health information technology (health IT or HIT) is the area of IT involving the design, development, creation, use and maintenance of information systems for the healthcare industry. Automated and interoperable healthcare information systems are expected to lower costs, improve efficiency and reduce error, while also providing better consumer care and service.


Types of health information technology

The electronic health record (EHR) is the central component of the health IT infrastructure. An EHR or electronic medical record  is an individual's official, digital health record and is shared among multiple facilities and agencies. The other essential elements of the healthcare IT infrastructure are the personal health record (PHR), which is an individual's self-maintained health record; and a Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO), which oversees communications among the other elements and unifies them geographically. A RHIO is a type of health information exchange , which is a group of healthcare facilities that enter an interoperablity pact and agree to share data between their various health IT systems.

Implementations of EHR systems have increased dramatically in the past few years since the inception of the HITEC art in 2009, which introduced the EHR meaningful use program. Physicians and hospitals that prove their use of EHR systems meets meaningful use criteria -- created and overseen by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Office of the National Coordinatro for Healt IT -- are eligible to receive incentive payments.

Picture archiving and communication systems  (PACS) and vendor neutral archieves(VNAs) are two examples of healthcare information technology that aid healthcare professionals in the storage and management of patients' medical images. Before deploying a PACS in a radiology department, a hospital should have a plan for how the PACS will integrate with other internal health IT systems. In some instances, VNAs have been installed as a way to compile and merge imaging data stored in separate PACS that are all part of the same, multiple-facility healthcare system.
Management of health IT systems

Due to the threat of patient data breach, the introduction of new technology such as mobile devices, and updates to health IT-related incentive programs and regulations, providers that adopt a health IT system know their work doesn't end after implementation. For example, numerous healthcare providers replaced one EHR with another after stage 1 of the meaningful use program in an attepmpt to better position themselves for stage 2 compliance.



VIDEO OF HEALTH IT :d

History of data storage


Information storage ???

From the beginning of mankind, man tried to find a way to store information for the following generations. When people nowadays hear the word storage or computer storage they normally think about CD Rom, USB key or DVD. Things like the floppy disk or the punch card are nearly forgotten. In fact, the history of information storage goes back to pre-historic times where mankind used red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal to paint information about their life on rock walls, caves and ceilings.


In Ancient Egypt Papyrus, which is an early form of paper, was used to store information. It remained in use until about 800 AD, when it was replaced by cheaper paper. Before then, however, the use of parchment and vellum had replaced papyrus in many areas as they are much more durable. The Chinese ordinarily wrote documents on bamboo. Also silk, bones, shells and ivory were used, later bronze, iron, gold, silver, tin, jade, stone and clay. In India, palm leaves served for storing information. In the late 4th millennium BC Sumerians created the cuneiform script that was drawn on clay tablets. 

Finally, sometime between 150 BC and 105 AD paper was invented. In medieval England the so called tally stick was a wide spread mnemonic device of the Exchequer for the collection of taxes by local sheriffs. Its origins go back to the Stone Age. Also the Incas (ca. 1400-1632 AD) had a kind of “memory aid” which was the Quipu and consisted of knots. In 1440 AD the invention of printing by Gutenberg was really a milestone in the history of information storage.

After the 17th century inventions that usually need some kind of aid to read the information from a particular storage were made. Examples of that are the punch card, punched tape, Phonograph, magnetic tape, magnetic drum, Telegraphon and the selectron tube. In 1956 IBM invented the hard disk with a size of 5 MB, what was really fantastic for this time. In the years between 1950 and 1980 some storage devices where build that nowadays hardly anyone would remember, for example the bubble memory or the twistor memory.

On the other hand there were some technologies introduced that were very important for the development of the computer industry and some of these technologies are still in use today. One of these technologies these technologies are still in use today. One of these technologies was the first memory disk, called the floppy disk, invented by Alan Shugart at IBM in 1971. It was considered as a revolutionary device for transporting data from one computer to another. Floppy disks were not able to store as much data as hard disks, but they were much cheaper and more flexible. This invention was also the end for punch cards.

Between 1980 and 2000 there were two new techniques of digital data storing introduced. At the beginning of the 1980s the first optical devices, the CD and the CD-ROM were released. In the middle of the 1990s these and several other optical devices started to get more and more important and nowadays they are widely used. Exactly at that time the first electronic devices were developed. These devices, e.g. Compact Flash Cards, Memory Sticks etc., are very small but they can store a lot of data and so they find their use in digital cameras, PDAs etc. But nevertheless the development of the magnetic devices did not stop, several new technologies like the Advanced Intelligent Tape were introduced and the main hard disc in a pc is still based on magnetic technology.

In the 21st century the development of the technologies will lead us from the now widely used optical devices to the laser device up to holographic memories. In 2003 the first blue-laser based disc, the Blueray disc, was released and the first PC drives are to be expected in 2006. Several other “versions” of the DVD, e.g. HD-DVD have been released or are planned to, all modified to store more and more data and to gain faster access. The real next generation of data storage will be holographic memories, but this is yet to come
.

Saturday, May 21, 2016

WHAT IS MGT417 ???


What is MGT417 ???  

MGT417 is basically a code for information technology in business course in my second semester. Information technology in business is very helpful and importance in our life. Throughout the semester, i learn a lot about infomation technology and how its use in our daily life. It benefits the business world by allowing organizations to work more efficiently and to maximize productivity. By a mininum working hour, we can make a maximum profit. Information technology has to do with computer applications, on which nearly every work environment is dependent. Since computerized systems are so widely used, it is advantageous to incorporate information technology into your organization.

Information system benefits the business world by :

Storing and Protecting Information

Information technology creates electronic storage systems to protect your company's valuable records. According to the Graziadio Business Report, published by Pepperdine University, secure maintenance of customer and patient files is vital to business integrity. Storage systems, such as virtual vaults, keep information safe by only allowing certain users within your company to access, withdraw, add or change the documents. According to an article in Science Daily, IT security engineering systems protect your electronic information from being hacked, or wiped out during a technological disaster. Electronic security engineering means your valuable records will remain untouchable.

Automated Processes

In business, people look for ways to do more work in a shorter amount of time. A November 2000 newsletter published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco explains that information technology improves your company's efficiency by developing automated processes to take burden off your staff. In turn, your employees are free to work on other things while the computer runs their reports, creates queries, tracks projects and monitors financials.

Work Remotely

IT systems give you remote access to your company’s electronic network, so that you can work from home or on the road. This accessibility allows you to increase your productivity because you can still get work done, even when you aren’t physically in the office.

Communication

Communication is essential to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Your IT department can hook your employees up with email, video conferencing equipment and internal chat rooms, so that they always have an efficient way to conduct business and communicate.

As conclusion, it is a wise discission for me, a pharmacy to learn a information technology as its will help me after graduate to open a pharmacist shop or company. Information technology also help us in other field, it will make our life easier . :D

Image result for mgt417

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS









Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of enterprise operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies. The commercial use of IT encompasses both computer technology and telephony.

The term information technology was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT industry evolved from the mid-20th century, it encompassed trabsistors and integrated circuit -- computing capability advanced while device cost and energy consumption fell lower, a cycle that continues today when new technologies emerge.



Information Technology In Business ?
Computers and information systems are essential parts of every business today. Like accounting and legal, every business needs to invest in technology to compete. Technology is both a cost of doing business, and an opportunity to do more business. Most people I talk with recognize the necessity of having a computer, an email address, and a web site. I think it's time to take a step back and look at the big picture of technology in business. Let's take a view of the topic and ask the basic questions: who, what, where, why, when, and how much?


Why?

What are the benefits of technology for a business? There are many, but most fall under a few categories:
  • Reach more potential customers, develop a business relationship with potential customers
  • Streamline operations, reduce costs, improve efficiency, maximize profit, minimize waste, devote talent to core business instead of overhead
  • Provide better service to customers
  • Support better relationships with key partners
  • Allow customers to better guide the business

How Much?

Established businesses outside the technology industry typically spend between ½ percent and 10 percent of their annual revenue on technology spending, depending mostly on the industry. Manufacturing and retail are typically at the low end of this range, while finance and health care are typically at the high end.

If you're at the low end of technology spending for your industry, you may be missing out on some key benefits technology can provide. If you're at the high end, you may be spending more than you need to on proprietary solutions, or you may be leading your industry with some strategic investment.


What?

What costs do you need to consider as part of your technology budget? These break down into several categories:

  • Initial cost—hardware and software, and training
  • Ongoing cost—maintaining systems, including licenses for proprietary software, hosting, and support
  • Upgrade cost—cost of upgrades, and expected lifespan of systems/frequency of upgrades
  • Value proposition—how much employee time will the system save? How much new business could the system generate?
  • Opportunity cost—how much potential revenue is lost by not implementing a system? What are your competitors doing in this area?


Risk ? 

What are the risks of a particular system? What does it cost to mitigate those risks?
Where?

Should you spend most of your technology budget on infrastructure, hosted applications, custom line-of-business applications, or what? The answer to this depends a lot on your industry, but even more on your specific business. Generally, most businesses spend around half of their technology budget on infrastructure—computers, networking equipment, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). As the world moves more and more online, and open source software becomes more compelling, there are huge opportunities for savings in these areas, for businesses that can take advantage of them.

When?

There's a fine line between too much and not enough. Spend too much on technology, and it will consume your time and budget, leaving you ill prepared to do anything else on your business. Spend too little and your competition may improve their business to the point that you can't compete.

You need to implement enough technology to see a real benefit, prevent the worst disasters, and not miss out on any major opportunities, while not spending more than you can handle.

Technology has a cost not just in dollars, but also in the time you and your employees need to spend adapting to it. Bite off too big a chunk and technology becomes counter-productive. Nearly always, small, incremental, ongoing chunks are a better way to bring technology into your business than large all-or-nothing systems that promise to do everything right away.

Who?

Finally, you need to decide who to help you implement technology in your business. Will you do it yourself? Do you purchase an off-the shelf product? Do you use free software? Do you hire a programmer to create a custom system? Do you use a hosted system? Do you hire a consultant to help?

As someone who does not know much about technology, I think the answer is usually hire a good consultant to help you use as much quality free software in your business as possible. Whether or not to use a hosted system depends on your specific business needs. Off-the-shelf proprietary products are quickly becoming the least favorable way to go, but there are still a few niches where there isn't a viable alternative.

As conclusion, many businesses are stuck at a tactical level, trying to stay ahead on cash flow and payroll, and don't have time to think about technology in a strategic way. But a strong plan for technology should be a part of every business plan, and re-evaluated whenever taking a strategic look at a business. Be a smart bisnessman, you can create a wonderful world with  your barehand only.



Thursday, May 19, 2016

ME, MYSELF AND I


ASSALAMMUALAIKUM AND HELLO !!!!


My name is Zul Hadif bin Abd Aziz . I am pharmacy student of Universiti Teknologi Mara. I am going to tell you little bit about my background, interests and my goals.

Background
I was born at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Jemaah which is located at Sabak Bernam, Selangor. I got my first education at Tadika Kemas for two years and then i continue my study at Sekolah Kebangsaan Khir Johari both located near my house. After that, i got into some amazing and extraordinary school, SMK Agama Simpang Lima that change my life completely. I spent my secondary school life in hostel away from my family. I was frustrated in the beginning but gradually I got myself used to the new environment and had no difficulty in the following the class by making a lot of friends. After graduated high school, I continue my study and enter foundation science course at Universiti Teknologi Mara. After one year of struggling, i continue to make my dream come true by entering pharmacy school in the same university as my foundation. 

As for my family, my father name is Abd Aziz bin Che Yusoh and my mother name is Rusnani binti Abdullah. Both of them is a high school teacher. They truely make me proud as they do the most noble job in the world. I have seven siblings and im the second one.


Interest
Im simple man, like other man, i love football and playing game. Other than that, i love watching movie or anime/cartoon. My favorite thing to eat is ice cream :P


Goals
I hope to get dean list in this term and get A in all subject especially in Mgt 417 (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS) which is my favorite subject in this semester. Other than that, I hope i get to work on pharmaceutical industry and create a new drug that can threat new diseases.




this is me >.<